Fentanyl Exposures and Cleanup
This information is for people preparing to enter an area where fentanyl, or a drug with similar chemical
structures to fentanyl (an analogue), may be present. If fentanyl or an analogue is discovered after
entering an area, the health risk is minimal, but law enforcement should be contacted to dispose of the
drug(s). They can assess the area for safety at that time. Once first responders declare an area safe for
the public to enter, there is little to no risk of developing illness from fentanyl or fentanyl-like drugs that
were or are present.
This information is not meant for first responders such as law enforcement, fire department, or
emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Their risk for exposure, while minimal under most
circumstances, is different compared to the public entering an area after the area has been released by
first responders. For more information, see these resources:
▪ "Preventing Occupational Exposure to Emergency Responders”
(www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/fentanyl/risk.html))
▪ "ACMT and AACT Position Statement: Preventing Occupation"Fentany and Fentanyl Analog
Exposure to Emergency Responders"
(www.acmt.net/_Library/Positions/Fentanyl_PPE_Emergency_Responders_.pdf))
About fentanyl, carfentanyl, and fentanyl analogues
Fentanyl and drugs like fentanyl (carfentanyl, alfentanyl, sufentanil) are in a class of pain-reducing drugs
called opioids.
1
Others in this class include morphine, heroin, and oxycodone. They produce pain relief
when used in proper doses. At high doses, they can cause coma and decreased breathing. Fentanyl is
potent (100 times more powerful than morphine), and carfentanyl is even more so (about 10,000 times
more powerful than morphine).
2,3
Fatal opioid overdoses receive frequent media coverage and are a public health issue. Fentanyl, and
drugs like fentanyl, are sometimes used as street drugs and are frequently mislabeled as heroin.
4
Due to
their strength, people are concerned that they may be affected by these drugs even if they come into
contact with a small amount.
5–7
Currently, there is no credible evidence that anyone has been sickened simply by entering an area
where fentanyl was present, or even by having fentanyl get on their skin. In the available cases where
law enforcement officers were affected after skin exposure, their symptoms were not consistent with
effects expected from opioids.
1,8
For this reason, the medical community considers their reactions were
not from opioid exposure, but rather the result of some other cause.
9
Fentanyl Exposures and What You Can Do
Skin Exposure: Fentanyl skin patches deliver a continuous dose of fentanyl through the skin over a
period of several days. Because skin does not absorb fentanyl well, skin patches are specifically designed
to increase absorption of fentanyl. Even so, the patches do not quickly provide a large dose. For
example, if both hands are covered entirely with fentanyl patches, it would take 14 minutes to provide a
single dose.
8
Skin absorption of powdered fentanyl, or fentanyl-like drugs, is significantly lower than
absorption from skin patches.